Unknown Author If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks.

If the author is unknown, the in-text citation should use an abbreviated version of the work's title or, in rare cases when the work is also untitled, use a brief description of the document. The first phrase of the title should be used without the beginning article (a, an, the).